Transformada Z en sistemas de telecomunicaciones: revisión y aplicaciones
| dc.contributor.advisor | Vacca González, Harold | |
| dc.contributor.author | Molina Ruíz, Paola Andrea | |
| dc.contributor.orcid | Vacca González; Harold [0000-0001-7017-0070] | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2025-03-19T17:14:50Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2025-03-19T17:14:50Z | |
| dc.date.created | 2024-08-23 | |
| dc.description | Introducción: El artículo explora las diversas aplicaciones de la Transformada Z en las Telecomunicaciones, enfocándose en la modulación, demodulación y DTMF con el Algoritmo de Goertzel. Problema: Existe una necesidad de profundizar en las aplicaciones específicas de la Transformada Z en el campo de la ingeniería particularmente en las telecomunicaciones. Objetivo: Analizar las aplicaciones de la Transformada Z en ingeniería que se encuentran en investigaciones recientes la implementación del Algoritmo de Goertzel en sistemas DTMF. Metodología: Se llevó a cabo un estudio bibliográfico acerca de las aplicaciones de la Transformada Z en el ámbito de la ingeniería. Se categorizaron las aplicaciones en control y automatización, procesamiento biomédico y en telecomunicaciones con DTMF se realiza una simulación del Algoritmo de Goertzel en MATLAB y se compara con FFT. Resultados: Se encontraron variadas aplicaciones de la Transformada Z y con la simulación se comprobó la eficiencia del Algoritmo de Goertzel en términos de eficiencia para la detección de tonos DTMF. Conclusión: El Algoritmo de Goertzel se presenta como una buena aplicación de la Transformada Z en las telecomunicaciones y es una alternativa eficiente a la FFT para la detección de tonos DTMF. Originalidad: El estudio combina la revisión bibliográfica sobre la Transformada Z y el Algoritmo de Goertzel con un análisis comparativo de su eficiencia en DTMF. Limitaciones: La simulación se limita a un ejemplo con pocas frecuencias para el Algoritmo de Goertzel. Se requieren estudios distintos para evaluar el rendimiento en situaciones más complejas. | |
| dc.description.abstract | Introduction: The paper explores the various applications of the Z-Transform in Telecommunications, focusing on modulation, demodulation, and DTMF with the Goertzel Algorithm. Problem: There is a need to deepen the specific applications of the Z-Transform in the engineering field, particularly in telecommunications. Objective: To analyze the applications of the Z-Transform in engineering found in recent research on implementing Goertzel's Algorithm in DTMF systems. Methodology: A bibliographic study was carried out on the applications of the Z-Transform in the engineering field. Applications were categorized in control and automation, biomedical processing and telecommunications with DTMF, a simulation of the Goertzel Algorithm in MATLAB was performed and compared with FFT. Results: Several applications of the Z-Transform were found and with the simulation the efficiency of the Goertzel Algorithm in terms of efficiency for detecting DTMF tones was proved. Conclusion: The Goertzel Algorithm is presented as a good application of the Z-Transform in telecommunications and is an efficient alternative to the FFT for the detection of DTMF tones. Originality: The study combines the literature review on the Z-Transform and the Goertzel Algorithm with a comparative analysis of their efficiency in DTMF. Limitations: The simulation is limited to an example with few frequencies for the Goertzel Algorithm. Separate studies are required to evaluate performance in more complex situations. | |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/11349/93861 | |
| dc.relation.references | X. Peng, J. Yin, W. Zhi, "Sliding Z Transform: Applications to convolutive blind source separation", College of Computer and Information, Hohai University, Nanjing, China, 2018. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1808.06553 | |
| dc.relation.references | R. Garibay-Jiménez, "La Transformada Z", Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 1997. [Online]. Available: https://dctrl.fi-b.unam.mx/ricardo/Transformada%20Z/La%20Transformada%20Z_corregido.pdf | |
| dc.relation.references | G. C. Rodríguez, "La Transformada Z: Caracterización de señales digitales en el dominio z, caracterización de sistemas LTI digitales mediante su función de transferencia", 2019. [Online]. Available: https://dademuch.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/la-transformada-z.pdf | |
| dc.relation.references | D. Jyoti, K. Prasad, "Study of Z-Transform", International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts (IJCRT), vol. 9, no. 8, 2021. | |
| dc.relation.references | H. N. Apolo-Castillo, A. E. Córdova Medina, "Modelación matemática y simulación de un filtro digital híbrido FIR adaptativo lineal óptimo", tesis, Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Ecuador, 2010. | |
| dc.relation.references | M- Paz, O. Rodríguez, C. Galasso, "Trabajo de Cátedra: Uso de la placa Discovery para el cálculo e implementación de filtros FIR e IIR", in EST 2016, 19º Concurso de Trabajos Estudiantiles, 2016. | |
| dc.relation.references | E. Cheng, P. Hudak, "Audio Processing and Sound Synthesis in Haskell", Department of Computer Science, Yale University, 2009. | |
| dc.relation.references | J. Edwards, "Frequency Domain Theory and Applications", DSP Numerix. [Online]. Available: https://www.numerix-dsp.com/appnotes/FrequencyDomainProcessing.pdf | |
| dc.relation.references | W. M. Gentleman, "An error analysis of Goertzel's (Watt's) method for computing Fourier coefficients", The Computer Journal, vol. 12, no. 2, 1969. https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/12.2.160 | |
| dc.relation.references | D. Dorran, "The z-transform: A practical overview", 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.17864.49926 | |
| dc.relation.references | D. López, E. Obregón, "La transformada Z", Revista Colombiana de Matemáticas, vol. 8, no. 3, 1966. | |
| dc.relation.references | N. A. Rondón, "La Transformada Z y algunas aplicaciones, tesis, Escuela de Matemáticas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Colombia, 2005. | |
| dc.relation.references | Y. Gui, J. Wang, F. Jin, C. Chen, M. Xia, "Development of a family of explicit algorithms for structural dynamics with unconditional stability", Nonlinear Dynamics, vol. 77, no. 4, pp. 1157-1170, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11071-014-1368-3 | |
| dc.relation.references | Y. Song, "A fractional PID controller based on particle swarm optimization algorithm", Journal of Autonomous Intelligence, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 1-7, 2020. https://doi.org/10.32629/jai.v3i1.94 | |
| dc.relation.references | Y. Huang, C. Li, X. Tian, "The Simulation of the Chirp-Z Transform Based on MATLAB GUI", in Proceedings of 3rd International Conference on Multimedia Technology (ICMT-13), 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icmt-13.2013.7 | |
| dc.relation.references | L. R. Rabiner, R. W. Schafer, "The Chirp x-Transform Algorithm", IEEE Transactions on Audio and Electroacoustics, vol. 17, no. 2, 1969. https://doi.org/10.1109/TAU.1969.1162034 | |
| dc.relation.references | J. Carceller, " Unidad de efectos de audio en Simulink", tesis, Departamento de ingeniería audiovisual y de comunicaciones, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería y Sistemas de Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, España, 2014. | |
| dc.relation.references | Scitechdaily, "Engineers Solve 50-Year-Old Puzzle in Signal Processing – Inverse Chirp Z-Transform", 2019. [Online]. Available: https://scitechdaily.com/engineers-solve-50-year-old-puzzle-in-signal-processing-inverse-chirp-z-transform/ | |
| dc.relation.references | M. Abdullah, A. Gadir, A. Ageeb, A. Suliman, "Transfer function and Z-transform of an electrical system in MATLAB/Simulink", European Journal of Mathematics and Statistics, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 9-20, 2023. https://doi.org/10.24018/ejmath.2023.4.3.190 | |
| dc.relation.references | S. Yu, H. Chun, "Tensor z-Transform", Journal of Applied Mathematics, vol. 2024, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/6614609 | |
| dc.relation.references | F. Caldarola, M. Maiolo, V. Solferino, "A new approach to the Z-transform through infinite computation", Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation, vol. 82, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cnsns.2019.105019 | |
| dc.relation.references | H. Wilf, "Gerald Goertzel (1920-2002), As I Knew Him", University of Pennsylvania, 2004. [Online]. Available: https://www2.math.upenn.edu/~wilf/Gerald_Goertzel.html | |
| dc.relation.references | G. Goertzel, "An algorithm for the evaluation of finite trigonometric series", The American Mathematical Monthly, vol. 65, no. 1. 1958. https://doi.org/10.2307/2310304 | |
| dc.relation.references | B. Evans, J. Pinto, "Performance Evaluation and Real-Time Implementation of Subspace, Adaptive, and DFT Algorithms for Multi-tone Detection", Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, 2017. [Online]. Available: https://ptolemy.berkeley.edu/papers/96/dtmf_ict/www/paper.html | |
| dc.relation.references | A. Vitali, "The Goertzel algorithm to compute individual terms of the discrete Fourier transform (DFT)", STMicroelectronics, 2017. [Online]. Available: https://www.st.com/content/ccc/resource/technical/document/design_tip/group0/20/06/95/0b/c3/8d/4a/7b/DM00446805/files/DM00446805.pdf/jcr:content/translations/en.DM00446805.pdf | |
| dc.relation.references | J. A. Cortés, J. A. Mendoza, J. Muriel, "Alternativa al análisis en frecuencia de la FFT mediante el algoritmo Goertzel", Scientia et Technica, vol. 16, no. 44, 2010. | |
| dc.relation.references | L. Malathi, A. Bharathi, A. Jayanthi, "Review of fast complex multiplication algorithms and implementation", International Journal of Current Engineering and Scientific Research (IJCESR), vol. 6, no. 5, 2019. | |
| dc.relation.references | T. Wang, H. Liu, W. Yao, W. Li, R. Zhao, "Aliasing Suppression based on Sliding Goertzel DFT of Multisampling for Grid-tied Inverter with LCL Filter", in 2022 IEEE International Power Electronics and Application Conference and Exposition (PEAC), 2022. https://doi.org/10.1109/PEAC56338.2022.9959389 | |
| dc.relation.references | R. G. Lyons, "Understanding Digital Signal Processing", New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 2004. | |
| dc.relation.references | A. Oppenheim, R. Schafer, "Discrete-Time Signal Processing", Third Edition, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1998. | |
| dc.relation.references | C. Yeh, S. Hwang, "Efficient Detection Approach for DTMF Signal Detection", Appl. Sci., vol. 9, no. 3, 2019. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9030422 | |
| dc.relation.references | W. Elmenreich, "Efficiently detecting a frequency using a Goertzel filter", 2011. [Online]. Available: https://netwerkt.wordpress.com/2011/08/25/goertzel-filter/ | |
| dc.relation.references | R. Hernández Sampieri, C. Fernández Collado and P. Baptista Lucio, “Metodología de la investigación”, México: Mc Graw Hill, 2010. | |
| dc.relation.references | S. Sreeja, A. Sanyasi, "Generation and detection of dual tone multi- frequency (DTMF) signals", International Journal of Management, Technology and Engineering, vol. 13, no. 4, 2023. | |
| dc.relation.references | A. C. Vidyashree, G. Bhagyashri, N. Kumar, "DTMF Detection from Goertzel’s Algorithm", International Journal of Engineering Research in Electronic and Communication Engineering (IJERECE), vol. 3, no. 5, 2016. | |
| dc.relation.references | M. M. Gonzáles-Baldeón, "Diseño e implementación de un controlador PID discreto en controladores lógicos programables", tesis, Facultad de Ingeniería Industrial, Sistemas e Informática, Universidad Nacional José Faustino Sánchez Carrión, Perú, 2022. | |
| dc.relation.references | W. Bolton, F. Ramírez, "Ingeniería de control", México: Alfaomega, 2001. | |
| dc.relation.references | R. E. Kalman, "Mathematical description of linear dynamical systems", J. S. I. A. M. Control, vol. 1, no. 2, 1963. https://doi.org/10.1137/0301010 | |
| dc.relation.references | V. Artemyev, S. Mokrushin, S. Savostin, A. Medvedev, V. Pankov, "Processing of time signals in a discrete time domain", Machine Science, vol. 12, no. 1, 2023. https://doi.org/10.61413/FRCR4965 | |
| dc.relation.references | D. Reyes-Gonzáles, M. Sánchez-Marchena, "Diseño de un sintonizador para controladores PID aplicados a sistemas eléctricos de primer orden", tesis, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego, 2017. | |
| dc.relation.references | I. C. Morales, "MORALES, I. C. Automatización de un sistema de control para el circuito de flujo termodinámico de un colector solar tipo cilindro–parabólico", tesis, Universidad Politécnica de Puebla, 2017. | |
| dc.relation.references | O. Abodena, "Robust and high-capacity audio watermarking based on Chirp Z-Transform", in 2021 29th Signal processing and communications applications conference (SIU). 2021. https://doi.org/10.1109/SIU53274.2021.9477976 | |
| dc.relation.references | L. J. Arcos Pantoja, L. J., J. M. Calderón Chávez, "Implementación De Filtros Digitales Tipo FIR En FPGA’S Con Coeficientes Reconfigurables ON-LINE", Hallazgos, vol. 1, no. 2, 2004. https://doi.org/10.15332/s1794-3841.2004.0002.11 | |
| dc.relation.references | M. Diarra, X. Zhao, X. Wu, I. Nketsiah, Y. Li, H. Zhao, "Induction Motors Speed Estimation by Rotor Slot Harmonics Frequency Using Zoom Improved Chirp-Z Transform Algorithm", Energies, vol. 15, no. 21, 2022. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15217877 | |
| dc.relation.references | A. Rashid, S. Abed, O. Hasan, "Formal analysis of 2D image processing filters using higher-order logic theorem proving", EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing, vol. 2022, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13634-022-00882-3 | |
| dc.relation.references | J. C. Delgado, "Control óptimo lineal para la refrigeración de un motor de combustión interna", MSc. Tesis, Universidad Rafael Belloso Chacín, 2014. | |
| dc.relation.references | T. Palleja, A. Vela, M. Ribes, J. Moreno, J. Pablo, F. Sancho, "Didactic platform for DC motor speed and position control in Z-plane", ISA Transactions, vol. 118, pp. 116-132, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isatra.2021.02.020 | |
| dc.relation.references | D. M. Rojas-Vallejo, "Desarrollo de una estrategia de control predictivo aplicado a un péndulo invertido, que permita la estabilización de imágenes en robots para exploración agrícola", Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad La Salle, Colombia, 2018. | |
| dc.relation.references | H. Guo, H. Cao, K. Yang, Z. Zhang, "Precise measurement of human heart rate based on multi-channel radar data fusion", Sheng Wu Yi Xue Gong Cheng Xue Za Zhi, vol. 41, no. 3, 2024. https://doi.org/10.7507/1001-5515.202307010 | |
| dc.relation.references | M. Martínez, R. Nápoles, V. Acevedo, R. Quiñones, "Estabilidad de los parámetros cuantitativos del Electroencefalograma en atletas de boxeo", Revista Cubana de Medicina del Deporte y la Cultura Física, vol. 16, no. 2, 2021. | |
| dc.relation.references | G. A. Cerda, L. Morales, "Comparación de las técnicas de detección de cruce por cero y la transformada Z-Chirp para medir frecuencias en el rango ultrasónico", Pistas Educativas, vol. 39, no. 128, 2018. | |
| dc.relation.references | T. Aydemir, M. Sahin, O. Aydemir, "Determination of hypertension disease using chirp z-transform and statistical features of optimal band-pass filtered short-time photoplethysmography signals", Biomedical Physics & Engineering Express, vol. 6, no. 6, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1088/2057-1976/abc634 | |
| dc.relation.references | A. Pérez, G. La Mura, R. Piotrkowski, E. Serrano, "Procesamiento no lineal con Wavelet para la eliminación del ruido en imágenes planares de medicina nuclear", Bioingeniería y Física Médica Cubana, vol. 3, no. 2, 2002. | |
| dc.relation.references | C. Ciulla, "Pulse-transfer function of the intensity-curvature functional: Applications in magnetic resonance angiography of the human brain", Innovation and Emerging Technologies, vol. 9, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1142/S2737599422500013 | |
| dc.relation.references | K. Singh, S. Hsieh, C. Swarup, T. Singh, "Authentication of NIfTI Neuroimages Using Lifting Wavelet Transform, Arnold Cat Map, Z-Transform, and Hessenberg Decompositionrg", Traitement du Signal, vol. 3, no. 1, 2022. | |
| dc.relation.references | I. Boukli-Hacene, "Hybrid Gray scale & color medical images compression by Quincunx wavelets and Walsh Hadamard transform", 2023. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2947469/v1 | |
| dc.relation.references | J. Yang, Z. Qin, Q. Zhang, T. Yang, "Research on Modulation Mode Identification of PSK Signal Based on M-th Power Spectrum Features", in 2022 10th International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Wireless Optical Communications (ICWOC), 2022. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICWOC55996.2022.9809871 | |
| dc.relation.references | Q. Wang, "Digital signal processing oriented Electronic communication Engineering applications and Practices", Cuadernos de desarrollo aplicados a las TIC, vol. 13, no. 1, 2024. https://doi.org/10.17993/3ctic.2024.131.96-115 | |
| dc.relation.references | B. Tang, J. Zhang, S. Hu, B. Xu, H. Zhan, "Low Complexity Two-Stage FOE Using Modified Zoom-FFT for Coherent Optical M-QAM Systems", IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, vol. 32, no. 5, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2020.2969701 | |
| dc.relation.references | I. Kubiak, A. Przybysz, "Fourier and Chirp-Z Transforms in the Estimation Values Process of Horizontal and Vertical Synchronization Frequencies of Graphic Displays", Applied Sciences, vol. 12, no. 10, 2022. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12105281 | |
| dc.relation.references | E. Sandoval Robayo, "Sistema de detección de situaciones delictivas en establecimientos comerciales usando inteligencia artificial", tesis, Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial, Universidad Técnica de Ambato, 2024. | |
| dc.relation.references | M. Prieto, "Análisis y caracterización de los sistemas LTI usando la Transformada Z", 2013. [Online]. Available: http://lcr.uns.edu.ar/fvc/NotasDeAplicacion/FVC-ManuelPrieto.pdf | |
| dc.relation.references | G. Millán, G. Fuertes, M. Alfaro, R. Carrasco, M. Vargas, "A Simple and Fast Algorithm for Traffic Flow Control in High-Speed Computer Networks", IEEE International Conference on Automation/XXIII Congress of the Chilean Association of Automatic Control (ICA-ACCA), Chile, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICA-ACCA.2018.8609857 | |
| dc.relation.references | M. A. Acevedo-Mosqueda, V. R. Alanis-Cho, M. Sánchez-Meraz, "Filtro inverso de un sistema de radiocomunicación en HF", Científica, vol. 14, no. 3, 2010. | |
| dc.relation.references | M. González-Blanco, "Contribución a la cancelación de errores en medida de antenas en campo próximo mediante técnicas de filtrado", PhD. Tesis, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 2018. https://doi.org/10.20868/UPM.thesis.53268 | |
| dc.relation.references | G. Millán Naveas, M. Vargas Guzmán, "Un algoritmo de control de flujo para redes de computadoras de alta velocidad", Ingeniare. Revista chilena de ingeniería, vol. 28, no. 1, 2020. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-33052020000100024 | |
| dc.relation.references | M. Ibrahim, "Complexity Reduction of Finite-Length MMSE Equalization Using FFT", in 2020 37th National Radio Science Conference (NRSC), 2020. https://doi.org/10.1109/NRSC49500.2020.9235121 | |
| dc.relation.references | Y. Tang, X. Zahng, "An Efficient Parallel Architecture for Resource-Shareable Reed-Solomon Encoder", in 2021 IEEE Workshop on Signal Processing Systems (SiPS), 2021. https://doi.org/10.1109/SiPS52927.2021.00035 | |
| dc.relation.references | Q. Zhang, Z. Ge, Y. Hu, Y. Huang, "An encrypted speech retrieval algorithm based on Chirp-Z transform and perceptual hashing second feature extraction", Multimed Tools Appl, vol. 79, pp. 6337-6361, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-019-08450-y | |
| dc.relation.references | L. Regnacq, Y. Wu, N. Neshatvar, D. Jiang, A. Demosthenous, "A Goertzel filter-based system for fast simultaneous multi-frequency EIS", IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs, vol. 68, no. 9, pp. 3133-3137, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSII.2021.3092069 | |
| dc.relation.references | S. Nagakishore, P. Siddaiah, p. Ramana, "FFT based DTMF detection by using Spartan 3E FPGA", American International Journal of Research in Formal, Applied & Natural Sciences, vol. 7, no. 1, 2014. | |
| dc.relation.references | A. Casanova-Vargas, J. P. Oviedo-Perdomo, E. E. Gaona-García, "Correction of the propagation model in digital terrestrial television networks in urban environments", Vis. Electron., vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 145–158, 2019. https://doi.org/10.14483/22484728.18421 | |
| dc.relation.references | B. Muntasher, A. Puttannavar, "Implementation of modified Goertzel algorithm using FPGA", International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology (IJARET), vol. 5, no. 10, 2014. | |
| dc.relation.references | N. Pamuk, Z. Pamuk, "Dual Tone Multi Frequency (DTMF) signal generation and detection using MATLAB software", in UBT International Conference 97, 2015. https://doi.org/10.33107/ubt-ic.2015.97 | |
| dc.relation.references | H. A. Eldednferia, J. R. Elbergali, "Performance Analysis of DTMF Detection using Modified Goertzel Algorithm over AWGN", in 1st Conference of Industrial Technology (CIT2017), 2017. | |
| dc.relation.references | S. Yang, S. Yuan, Y. Lin, I. Yang, "DTMFTalk: a DTMF-based realization of IoT remote control for smart-home elderly care", Mobile Networks and Applications, vol. 27, pp. 196-207, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11036-020-01641-0 | |
| dc.relation.references | Y. Li, Y. Zhang, Y. Wu, "Goertzel Algorithm Based on MATLAB Platform System Simulation for Listening Dial Tone Recognition Research", in Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Data Processing, Control and Simulation (ICDPCS 2023), pp. 114-121, 2023. https://doi.org/10.5220/0012150300003562 | |
| dc.relation.references | P. Gregor, "Application of MUSIC algorithm to DTMF detection", in 2023 16th International Conference on Advanced Technologies, Systems and Services in Telecommunications (TELSIKS), 2023. https://doi.org/10.1109/TELSIKS57806.2023.10315986 | |
| dc.relation.references | F. Matango, "Digitalización de voz", 2016. [Online]. Available: http://www.servervoip.com/blog/tag/digitalizacion-de-voz/#:~:text=En%20la%20practica%2C%20se%20toma,es%20el%20periodo%20de%20muestreo | |
| dc.relation.references | MathWorks, "DFT Estimation with the Goertzel Algorithm". [Online]. Available: https://www.mathworks.com/help/signal/ug/dft-estimation-with-the-goertzel-algorithm.html | |
| dc.rights.acceso | Restringido (Solo Referencia) | |
| dc.rights.accessrights | RestrictedAccess | |
| dc.subject | Transformada Z | |
| dc.subject | Algoritmo de Goertzel | |
| dc.subject | Telecomunicaciones | |
| dc.subject | DTMF | |
| dc.subject | Frecuencias | |
| dc.subject | Filtros | |
| dc.subject.keyword | Z-transform | |
| dc.subject.keyword | Goertzel algorithm | |
| dc.subject.keyword | Telecommunications | |
| dc.subject.keyword | DTMF | |
| dc.subject.keyword | Frequencies | |
| dc.subject.keyword | Filters | |
| dc.subject.lemb | Ingeniería de Telecomunicaciones -- Tesis y disertaciones académicas | |
| dc.subject.lemb | Transformada Z | |
| dc.subject.lemb | Procesamiento de señales -- Técnicas digitales | |
| dc.subject.lemb | Modulación (Electrónica) | |
| dc.subject.lemb | Demodulación (Telecomunicaciones) | |
| dc.title | Transformada Z en sistemas de telecomunicaciones: revisión y aplicaciones | |
| dc.title.titleenglish | Z-transform in telecommunications systems: review and applications | |
| dc.type | bachelorThesis | |
| dc.type.coar | http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f | |
| dc.type.degree | Producción Académica |
Archivos
Bloque de licencias
1 - 1 de 1
No hay miniatura disponible
- Nombre:
- license.txt
- Tamaño:
- 7 KB
- Formato:
- Item-specific license agreed upon to submission
- Descripción: